@article {ARC29265,
	title = {Herbivores in Arctic ecosystems: Effects of climate change and implications for carbon and nutrient cycling},
	journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {1516},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-10-2022},
	pages = {28 - 47},
	issn = {0077-8923},
	doi = {10.1111/nyas.14863},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/17496632/1516/1},
	author = {Amanda M. Koltz and Laura Gough and Jennie R Mclaren}
}
@article {min_herbivore_2021,
	title = {Herbivore absence can shift dry heath tundra from carbon source to sink during peak growing season},
	journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
	volume = {16},
	number = {2},
	year = {2021},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {024027},
	abstract = {Abstract In arctic tundra, large and small mammalian herbivores have substantial impacts on the vegetation community and consequently can affect the magnitude of carbon cycling. However, herbivores are often absent from modern carbon cycle models, partly because relatively few field studies focus on herbivore impacts on carbon cycling. Our objectives were to quantify the impact of 21 years of large herbivore and large and small herbivore exclusion on carbon cycling during peak growing season in a dry heath tundra community. When herbivores were excluded, we observed a significantly greater leaf area index as well as greater vascular plant abundance. While we did not observe significant differences in deciduous dwarf shrub abundance across treatments, evergreen dwarf shrub abundance was greater where large and small herbivores were excluded. Both foliose and fruticose lichen abundance were higher in the large herbivore, but not the small and large herbivore exclosures. Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) likewise indicated the highest carbon uptake in the exclosure treatments and lowest uptake in the control (CT), suggesting that herbivory decreased the capacity of dry heath tundra to take up carbon. Moreover, our calculated NEE for average light and temperature conditions for July 2017, when our measurements were taken, indicated that the tundra was a carbon source in CT, but was a carbon sink in both exclosure treatments, indicating removal of grazing pressure can change the carbon balance of dry heath tundra. Collectively, these findings suggest that herbivore absence can lead to changes in plant community structure of dry heath tundra that in turn can increase its capacity to take up carbon.},
	keywords = {LTER-ARC, update-2021-02},
	issn = {1748-9326},
	doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/abd3d0},
	url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abd3d0},
	author = {Min, Elizabeth and Wilcots, Megan E and Naeem, Shahid and Gough, Laura and McLaren, Jennie R and Rowe, Rebecca J and Rastetter, Edward B and Boelman, Natalie T and Griffin, Kevin L}
}
@article {griffin_high_2021,
	title = {High Leaf Respiration Rates May Limit the Success of White Spruce Saplings Growing in the Kampfzone at the Arctic Treeline},
	journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2021},
	note = {0 citations (Crossref) [2022-02-03]},
	pages = {746464},
	abstract = {Arctic Treeline is the transition from the boreal forest to the treeless tundra and may be determined by growing season temperatures. The physiological mechanisms involved in determining the relationship between the physical and biological environment and the location of treeline are not fully understood. In Northern Alaska, we studied the relationship between temperature and leaf respiration in 36 white spruce ( Picea glauca ) trees, sampling both the upper and lower canopy, to test two research hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that upper canopy leaves, which are more directly coupled to the atmosphere, will experience more challenging environmental conditions and thus have higher respiration rates to facilitate metabolic function. The second hypothesis is that saplings [stems that are 5{\textendash}10cm DBH (diameter at breast height)] will have higher respiration rates than trees (stems >=10cm DBH) since saplings represent the transition from seedlings growing in the more favorable aerodynamic boundary layer, to trees which are fully coupled to the atmosphere but of sufficient size to persist. Respiration did not change with canopy position, however respiration at 25{\textdegree}C was 42\% higher in saplings compared to trees (3.43{\textpm}0.19 vs. 2.41{\textpm}0.14μmolm -2 s -1 ). Furthermore, there were significant differences in the temperature response of respiration, and seedlings reached their maximum respiration rates at 59{\textdegree}C, more than two degrees higher than trees. Our results demonstrate that the respiratory characteristics of white spruce saplings at treeline impose a significant carbon cost that may contribute to their lack of perseverance beyond treeline. In the absence of thermal acclimation, the rate of leaf respiration could increase by 57\% by the end of the century, posing further challenges to the ecology of this massive ecotone.},
	keywords = {LTER-ARC, update-2021-02},
	issn = {1664-462X},
	doi = {10.3389/fpls.2021.746464},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.746464/full},
	author = {Griffin, Kevin L. and Schmiege, Stephanie C. and Bruner, Sarah G. and Boelman, Natalie T. and Vierling, Lee A. and Eitel, Jan U. H.}
}
@article {stuart_host_2021,
	title = {Host Identity as a Driver of Moss-Associated N2 Fixation Rates in Alaska},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {24},
	number = {3},
	year = {2021},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {530{\textendash}547},
	keywords = {LTER-ARC, update-2021-02},
	issn = {1432-9840, 1435-0629},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-020-00534-3},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10021-020-00534-3},
	author = {Stuart, Julia E. M. and Holland-Moritz, Hannah and Lewis, Lily R. and Jean, M{\'e}lanie and Miller, Samantha N. and McDaniel, Stuart F. and Fierer, Noah and Ponciano, Jos{\'e} Miguel and Mack, Michelle C.}
}
@article {cusser_how_2021,
	title = {How long do population level field experiments need to be? Utilising data from the 40-year-old LTER network},
	journal = {Ecology Letters},
	volume = {24},
	number = {5},
	year = {2021},
	month = {may},
	pages = {1103{\textendash}1111},
	issn = {1461-023X, 1461-0248},
	doi = {10.1111/ele.13710},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.13710},
	author = {Cusser, Sarah and Helms, Jackson and Bahlai, Christie A. and Haddad, Nick M.},
	editor = {Chase, Jonathan}
}
@article {ARC28450,
	title = {Higher predation risk for insect prey at low latitudes and elevations},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {356},
	year = {2017},
	month = {05/2017},
	pages = {742 - 744},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.aaj1631},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaj1631},
	author = {Roslin, Tomas and Hardwick, Bess and Novotny, Vojtech and Petry, William K. and Andrew, Nigel R. and Ashley Asmus and Barrio, Isabel C. and Basset, Yves and Boesing, Andrea Larissa and Bonebrake, Timothy C. and Cameron, Erin K. and Wesley D{\'a}ttilo and Donoso, David A. and Drozd, Pavel and Gray, Claudia L. and David S. Hik and Hill, Sarah J. and Hopkins, Tapani and Huang, Shuyin and Koane, Bonny and Laird-Hopkins, Benita and Laukkanen, Liisa and Lewis, Owen T. and Milne, Sol and Mwesige, Isaiah and Nakamura, Akihiro and Nell, Colleen S. and Nichols, Elizabeth and Prokurat, Alena and Sam, Katerina and Schmidt, Niels M. and Slade, Alison and Slade, Victor and Al{\v z}b{\v e}ta Suchankov{\'a} and Teder, Tiit and van Nouhuys, Saskya and Vandvik, Vigdis and Weissflog, Anita and Zhukovich, Vital and Slade, Eleanor M.}
}
@article {ARC28641,
	title = {Hydrogen isotope fractionation in leaf waxes in the Alaskan Arctic tundra},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {213},
	year = {2017},
	month = {09/2017},
	pages = {216 - 236},
	issn = {00167037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2017.06.028},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016703717303770},
	author = {William C. Daniels and James M. Russell and Anne E. Giblin and Jeffrey M Welker and Eric S. Klein and Yongsong Huang}
}
@article {ARC28415,
	title = {High-resolution mapping of aboveground shrub biomass in Arctic tundra using airborne lidar and imagery},
	journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
	volume = {184},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-10-2016},
	pages = {361 - 373},
	issn = {00344257},
	doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2016.07.026},
	author = {Heather Greaves and L. A. Vierling and J. U. H. Eitel and Natalie T. Boelman and T. S. Magney and Case Prager and Kevin L. Griffin}
}
@proceedings {ARC22204,
	title = {High resolution CH4 emissions and dissolved CH4 measurements help constrain surface gas emission dynamics in an Arctic Lake (Toolik Lake, Alaska)},
	year = {2014},
	month = {May 18-23},
	address = {Portland, OR},
	author = {T. DelSontro and W. Eugster and George W Kling and S. Sollberger and Gaius R Shaver and B. Wehrli}
}
@article {ARC22625,
	title = {How soil and squirrels offer cues on Alaska climate change},
	year = {2014},
	month = {November 24, 2014 6:25 PM EST},
	publisher = {PBS},
	type = {Television News},
	url = {http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/soil-squirrels-offer-cues-alaska-climate-change/},
	author = {PBS Newshour},
	editor = {P. B. S. Wgbh}
}
@article {ARC22320,
	title = {Hill slope variations in chlorophyll fluorescence indices and leaf traits in a small arctic watershed},
	journal = {Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {39-49},
	isbn = {1523-0430},
	doi = {10.1657/1938-4246-45.1.39},
	author = {Kevin L. Griffin and David Epstein and Natalie T. Boelman}
}
@article {ARC22052,
	title = {Home site advantage in two long-lived arctic plant species: results from two 30-year reciprocal transplant studies},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {100},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {841-851},
	keywords = {tussock tundra},
	isbn = {1365-2745},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01984.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01984.x},
	author = {Cynthia C. Bennington and Ned Fetcher and M. C. Vavrek and Gaius R Shaver and K. J. Cummings and James B. McGraw}
}
@article {ARC22572,
	title = {Hydrological field data from a modeller{\textquoteright}s perspective: Part 1. Diagnostic tests for model structure},
	journal = {Hydrological Processes},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {511-522},
	keywords = {diagnostic},
	isbn = {1099-1085},
	doi = {10.1002/hyp.7841},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7841},
	author = {Hilary K. McMillan and Martyn P. Clark and William B Bowden and Maurice Duncan and Ross A. Woods}
}
@mastersthesis {ARC22615,
	title = {How soil nutrient availability affects plant sexual reproduction and seedling recruitment in Alaskan dry heath tundra: Implications for response to climate change},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {2009},
	school = {University of Texas at Arlington},
	type = {M.S. Thesis},
	address = {Arlington, TX},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10106/1681},
	author = {Carol A. Moulton}
}
@inbook {ARC22399,
	title = {Heterotrophic microbial processes in polar lakes},
	booktitle = {Polar Lakes and Rivers: Limnology of Arctic and Antarctic Aquatic Ecosystems.},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {197-212},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {John E. Hobbie and J. Laybourn-Parry},
	editor = {W. F. Vincent and J. Laybourn-Parry}
}
@inbook {ARC22567,
	title = {High-latitude rivers and streams},
	booktitle = {Polar Lakes and Rivers: Limnology of Arctic and Antarctic Aquatic Ecosystems.},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {83-102},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {D. M. McKnight and Michael N. Gooseff and W. F. Vincent and Bruce J. Peterson},
	editor = {W. F. Vincent and J. Laybourn-Parry}
}
@mastersthesis {ARC22427,
	title = {How Herbivores Affect Plant Growth, Community Structure And Litter Decomposition In Alaskan Tundra: Implications For Responses To Climate Change},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {2008},
	month = {08/2008},
	school = {University of Texas at Arlington},
	type = {Ph.D. Thesis},
	address = {Arlington, TX},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10106/1048},
	author = {David R. Johnson}
}
@article {ARC22573,
	title = {Hydrologic and biogeochemical controls on the spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Kuparuk River, arctic Alaska},
	journal = {Hydrological Processes},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {3294{\textendash}3309},
	doi = {10.1002/hyp.6920},
	author = {James P. McNamara and Douglas L. Kane and John E. Hobbie and George W Kling}
}
@article {ARC22319,
	title = {Hyporheic exchange and water chemistry of two arctic tundra streams of contrasting geomorphology},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {14pp},
	isbn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2007jg000549},
	author = {M. J. Greenwald and William B Bowden and Michael N. Gooseff and J. P. Zarnetske and James P. McNamara and John H. Bradford and Troy R. Brosten}
}
@article {ARC22059,
	title = {Hourly and daily models of active layer evolution in Arctic soils},
	journal = {Ecological Modelling},
	volume = {206},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {131-146},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.03.030},
	author = {Z. Biesinger and Edward B Rastetter and Bonnie L. Kwiatkowski}
}
@mastersthesis {ARC22318,
	title = {Hyporheic exchange and biogeochemical processing in Arctic tundra streams},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {2007},
	school = {University of Vermont},
	type = {M.S Thesis},
	address = {Burlington, VT},
	author = {M. J. Greenwald}
}
@article {ARC22696,
	title = {Historical changes in Arctic freshwater ecosystems},
	journal = {Ambio},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {339-346},
	doi = {10.1579/0044-7447\%282006\%2935\%5B339\%3AHCIAFE\%5D2.0.CO\%3B2},
	author = {T. D. Prowse and F. J. Wrona and J. D. Reist and J. J. Gibson and John E. Hobbie and L. M. J. L{\'e}vesque and W. F. Vincent}
}
@article {ARC22661,
	title = {Holocene pollen records from the central Arctic Foothills, northern Alaska: testing the role of substrate in the response of tundra to climate change},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {1034-1048.},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00833.x},
	author = {W. W. Oswald and L. B. Brubaker and Feng Sheng Hu and George W Kling}
}
@article {ARC22231,
	title = {The hydraulic characteristics and geochemistry of hyporheic and parafluvial zones in Arctic tundra streams, north slope, Alaska},
	journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {907-923},
	doi = {10.1016/S0309-1708(03)00078-2},
	author = {Kenneth J. Edwardson and William B Bowden and Clifford N. Dahm and J. Morrice}
}
@article {ARC22640,
	title = {Heterocope, an important predator structuring arctic pond zooplankton communities: A mesocosm study},
	journal = {Vereinigung Verhandlungen International Limnologie},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {3686-3689},
	doi = {10.1080/03680770.1998.11902517},
	author = {W. John O{\textquoteright}Brien}
}
@article {ARC22846,
	title = {Hierarchical subdivision of Arctic tundra based on vegetation response to climate, parent material and topography},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {19-34},
	keywords = {Arctic, classification, climate, climate change, geology, plant functional types, soils, Tundra, vegetation, vegetation mapping, zonation},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06010.x},
	author = {D. A. Walker}
}
@article {ARC22808,
	title = {Hydrologic modeling of an arctic watershed: Towards Pan-Arctic predictions},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
	volume = {104},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {27507-27518},
	doi = {10.1029/1999JD900845},
	author = {M. Stieglitz and John E. Hobbie and Anne E. Giblin and George W Kling}
}
@inbook {ARC22382,
	title = {History of limnology in Alaska},
	booktitle = {Alaskan freshwaters},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {45-60},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
	organization = {Springer-Verlag},
	address = {NY},
	author = {John E. Hobbie},
	editor = {A. Milner and M. W. Oswood}
}
@inbook {ARC29196,
	title = {High Latitude LimnologyNitrogen cycling in Arctic lakes and ponds},
	booktitle = {High Latitude Limnology},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {165 - 172},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	organization = {Springer Netherlands},
	address = {Dordrecht},
	isbn = {978-94-010-7674-6},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-009-2603-510.1007/978-94-009-2603-5_12},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/978-94-009-2603-5},
	author = {V. Alexander and S. C. Whalen and K. M. Klingensmith},
	editor = {Warwick F. Vincent and Ellis-Evans, J. Cynan}
}
@inbook {ARC29195,
	title = {High Latitude LimnologyVariability of macroinvertebrate community composition in an arctic and subarctic stream},
	booktitle = {High Latitude Limnology},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {111 - 127},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	organization = {Springer Netherlands},
	address = {Dordrecht},
	isbn = {978-94-010-7674-6},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-009-2603-510.1007/978-94-009-2603-5_9},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/978-94-009-2603-5},
	author = {Michael C.Miller and Stout, James R.},
	editor = {Warwick F. Vincent and Ellis-Evans, J. Cynan}
}
@article {ARC22652,
	title = {Helmets and invisible armor: structures reducing predation from tactile and visual planktivores},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {60},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {287-294},
	keywords = {ARC},
	doi = {10.2307/1937657},
	author = {W. John O{\textquoteright}Brien and D. Kettle and H. Riessen}
}
