@article {ARC29242,
	title = {Effects of long-term climate trends on the methane and CO2 exchange processes of Toolik Lake, Alaska},
	journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2022},
	month = {09/2022},
	doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2022.948529},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.948529/full},
	author = {W. Eugster and T. DelSontro and J. A. Laundre and Jason A Dobkowski and Gaius R Shaver and George W Kling}
}
@article {ARC29071,
	title = {Solar position confounds the relationship between ecosystem function and vegetation indices derived from solar and photosynthetically active radiation fluxes},
	journal = {Agricultural and Forest Meteorology},
	volume = {298-299},
	year = {2021},
	month = {01/2021},
	pages = {108291},
	issn = {01681923},
	doi = {10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108291},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168192320303932},
	author = {Adrian V Rocha and Rose Appel and M Syndonia Bret-Harte and E. S. Euskirchen and V. Salmon and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC29007,
	title = {Ecosystem Recovery from Disturbance is Constrained by N Cycle Openness, Vegetation-Soil N Distribution, Form of N Losses, and the Balance Between Vegetation and Soil-Microbial Processes},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	year = {2020},
	month = {08/2020},
	issn = {1432-9840},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-020-00542-3},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10021-020-00542-3},
	author = {Edward B Rastetter and George W Kling and Gaius R Shaver and Byron C. Crump and Laura Gough and Kevin L. Griffin}
}
@article {ARC29087,
	title = {Interannual, summer, and diel variability of CH4 and CO2 effluxes from Toolik Lake, Alaska, during the ice-free periods 2010{\textendash}2015},
	journal = {Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2020},
	month = {07/2021},
	pages = {2181-2198},
	abstract = {<p>Accelerated warming in the Arctic has led to concern regarding the amount of carbon emission potential from Arctic water bodies. Yet, aquatic carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) flux measurements remain scarce, particularly at high resolution and over long periods of time. Effluxes of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from Toolik Lake, a deep glacial lake in northern Alaska, were measured for the first time with the direct eddy covariance (EC) flux technique during six ice-free lake periods (2010{\textendash}2015). CO2 flux estimates from the lake (daily average efflux of 16.7 {\textpm} 5.3 mmol m-2 d-1) were in good agreement with earlier estimates from 1975{\textendash}1989 using different methods. CH4 effluxes in 2010{\textendash}2015 (averaging 0.13 {\textpm} 0.06 mmol m-2 d-1) showed an interannual variation that was 4.1 times greater than median diel variations, but mean fluxes were almost one order of magnitude lower than earlier estimates obtained from single water samples in 1990 and 2011{\textendash}2012. The overall global warming potential (GWP) of Toolik Lake is thus governed mostly by CO2 effluxes, contributing 86{\textendash}93\% of the ice-free period GWP of 26{\textendash}90 g CO2,eq m-2. Diel variation in fluxes was also important, with up to a 2-fold (CH4) to 4-fold (CO2) difference between the highest nighttime and lowest daytime effluxes. Within the summer ice-free period, on average, CH4 fluxes increased 2-fold during the first half of the summer, then remained almost constant, whereas CO2 effluxes remained almost constant over the entire summer, ending with a linear increase during the last 1{\textendash}2 weeks of measurements. Due to the cold bottom temperatures of this 26 m deep lake, and the absence of ebullition and episodic flux events, Toolik Lake and other deep glacial lakes are likely not hot spots for greenhouse gas emissions, but they still contribute to the overall GWP of the Arctic.</p>},
	doi = {10.1039/D0EM00125B},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D0EM00125B},
	author = {W. Eugster and T. DelSontro and Gaius R Shaver and George W Kling}
}
@article {ARC28624,
	title = {BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene},
	journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {760-786},
	keywords = {biodiversity, global, spatial, species richness, temporal, turnover},
	doi = {10.1111/geb.12729},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/geb.12729},
	author = {Dornelas, Maria and Ant{\~a}o, Laura H. and Moyes, Faye and Bates, Amanda E. and Magurran, Anne E. and Adam, Du{\v s}an and Akhmetzhanova, Asem A. and Appeltans, Ward and Arcos, Jos{\'e} Manuel and Arnold, Haley and Ayyappan, Narayanan and Badihi, Gal and Baird, Andrew H. and Barbosa, Miguel and Barreto, Tiago Egydio and B{\"a}ssler, Claus and Bellgrove, Alecia and Belmaker, Jonathan and Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro and Bett, Brian J. and Bjorkman, Anne D. and B{\l}a{\.z}ewicz, Magdalena and Blowes, Shane A. and Bloch, Christopher P. and Bonebrake, Timothy C. and Boyd, Susan and Matt G. Bradford and Brooks, Andrew J. and Brown, James H. and Bruelheide, Helge and Phaedra Budy and Carvalho, Fernando and Casta{\~n}eda-Moya, Edward and Chen, Chaolun Allen and Chamblee, John F. and Chase, Tory J. and Siegwart Collier, Laura and Collinge, Sharon K. and Condit, Richard and Elisabeth J. Cooper and J Hans C Cornelissen and Cotano, Unai and Kyle Crow, Shannan and Damasceno, Gabriella and Davies, Claire H. and Davis, Robert A. and Day, Frank P. and Degraer, Steven and Doherty, Tim S. and Dunn, Timothy E. and Durigan, Giselda and Duffy, J. Emmett and Edelist, Dor and Edgar, Graham J. and Elahi, Robin and Sarah C. Elmendorf and Enemar, Anders and Ernest, S. K. Morgan and Escribano, Rub{\'e}n and Estiarte, Marc and Evans, Brian S. and Fan, Tung-Yung and Turini Farah, Fabiano and Luiz Loureiro Fernandes and Farneda, F{\'a}bio Z. and Fidelis, Alessandra and Fitt, Robert and Fosaa, Anna Maria and Daher Correa Franco, Geraldo Antonio and Frank, Grace E. and Fraser, William R. and Garc{\'\i}a, Hernando and Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto and Givan, Or and Gorgone-Barbosa, Elizabeth and William A. Gould and Corinna Gries and Grossman, Gary D. and Gutierr{\'e}z, Julio R. and Hale, Stephen and Mark E. Harmon and John Harte and Haskins, Gary and Donald L. Henshaw and Hermanutz, Luise and Hidalgo, Pamela and Higuchi, Pedro and Hoey, Andrew and Van Hoey, Gert and Annika Hofgaard and Holeck, Kristen and Robert D. Hollister and Holmes, Richard and Hoogenboom, Mia and Hsieh, Chih-hao and Hubbell, Stephen P. and Huettmann, Falk and Huffard, Christine L. and Hurlbert, Allen H. and Macedo Ivanauskas, Nat{\'a}lia and Jan{\'\i}k, David and Jandt, Ute and Ja{\.z}d{\.z}ewska, Anna and Johannessen, Tore and Jill F Johnstone and Julia A. Jones and Jones, Faith A. M. and Kang, Jungwon and Kartawijaya, Tasrif and Keeley, Erin C. and Kelt, Douglas A. and Kinnear, Rebecca and Kari Klanderud and Knutsen, Halvor and Koenig, Christopher C. and Kortz, Alessandra R. and Kr{\'a}l, Kamil and Kuhnz, Linda A. and Kuo, Chao-Yang and Kushner, David J. and Laguionie-Marchais, Claire and Lancaster, Lesley T. and Min Lee, Cheol and Lefcheck, Jonathan S. and Esther Levesque and Lightfoot, David and Lloret, Francisco and Lloyd, John D. and L{\'o}pez-Baucells, Adri{\`a} and Louzao, Maite and Madin, Joshua S. and Borg{\th}or Magnusson and Malamud, Shahar and Matthews, Iain and McFarland, Kent P. and McGill, Brian and Diane McKnight and McLarney, William O. and Meador, Jason and Meserve, Peter L. and Metcalfe, Daniel J. and Meyer, Christoph F. J. and Michelsen, Anders and Milchakova, Nataliya and Moens, Tom and Moland, Even and Moore, Jon and Mathias Moreira, Carolina and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Murphy, Grace and Isla H. Myers-Smith and Myster, Randall W. and Naumov, Andrew and Neat, Francis and Nelson, James A. and Paul Nelson, Michael and Newton, Stephen F. and Norden, Natalia and Oliver, Jeffrey C. and Olsen, Esben M. and Vladimir G. Onipchenko and Pabis, Krzysztof and Pabst, Robert J. and Paquette, Alain and Pardede, Sinta and Paterson, David M. and P{\'e}lissier, Rapha{\"e}l and Pe{\~n}uelas, Josep and P{\'e}rez-Matus, Alejandro and Pizarro, Oscar and Pomati, Francesco and Post, Eric and Prins, Herbert H. T. and Priscu, John C. and Provoost, Pieter and Prudic, Kathleen L. and Pulliainen, Erkki and Ramesh, B. R. and Mendivil Ramos, Olivia and Rassweiler, Andrew and Rebelo, Jose Eduardo and Reed, Daniel C. and Peter B Reich and Remillard, Suzanne M. and Richardson, Anthony J. and Richardson, J. Paul and van Rijn, Itai and Rocha, Ricardo and Rivera-Monroy, Victor H. and Christian Rixen and Robinson, Kevin P. and Ribeiro Rodrigues, Ricardo and de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres, Denise and Rudstam, Lars and Ruhl, Henry and Ruz, Catalina S. and Sampaio, Erica M. and Rybicki, Nancy and Rypel, Andrew and Sal, Sofia and Salgado, Beatriz and Santos, Flavio A. M. and Savassi-Coutinho, Ana Paula and Scanga, Sara and Schmidt, Jochen and Schooley, Robert and Setiawan, Fakhrizal and Shao, Kwang-Tsao and Gaius R Shaver and Sherman, Sally and Sherry, Thomas W. and Sici{\'n}ski, Jacek and Sievers, Caya and da Silva, Ana Carolina and Rodrigues da Silva, Fernando and Silveira, Fabio L. and Slingsby, Jasper and Smart, Tracey and Snell, Sara J. and Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. and Souza, Gabriel B. G. and Maluf Souza, Flaviana and Castro Souza, Vin{\'\i}cius and Stallings, Christopher D. and Stanforth, Rowan and Stanley, Emily H. and Mauro Sterza, Jos{\'e} and Stevens, Maarten and Stuart-Smith, Rick and Rondon Suarez, Yzel and Supp, Sarah and Yoshio Tamashiro, Jorge and Tarigan, Sukmaraharja and G. P. Thiede and Thorn, Simon and Anne Tolvanen and Teresa Zugliani Toniato, Maria and {\O}rjan Totland and Twilley, Robert R. and Vaitkus, Gediminas and Valdivia, Nelson and Vallejo, Martha Isabel and Valone, Thomas J. and Van Colen, Carl and Vanaverbeke, Jan and Venturoli, Fabio and Verheye, Hans M. and Vianna, Marcelo and Vieira, Rui P. and Vr{\v s}ka, Tom{\'a}{\v s} and Quang Vu, Con and Van Vu, Lien and Waide, Robert B. and Waldock, Conor and Watts, Dave and Webb, Sara and Weso{\l}owski, Tomasz and White, Ethan P. and Widdicombe, Claire E. and Wilgers, Dustin and Williams, Richard and Williams, Stefan B. and Williamson, Mark and Willig, Michael R. and Willis, Trevor J. and Sonja Wipf and Woods, Kerry D. and Woehler, Eric J. and Zawada, Kyle and Zettler, Michael L.}
}
@article {ARC28538,
	title = {Long-term nutrient addition alters arthropod community composition but does not increase total biomass or abundance},
	journal = {Oikos},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2018},
	month = {03/2018},
	pages = {460 - 471},
	doi = {10.1111/oik.04398},
	author = {Ashley Asmus and Amanda M. Koltz and Jennie R Mclaren and Gaius R Shaver and Laura Gough}
}
@article {ARC28531,
	title = {Nitrate is an important nitrogen source for Arctic tundra plants},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2018},
	month = {03//2018},
	pages = {3398 - 3403},
	keywords = {Arctic tundra plants, nitrogen dynamics, plant nitrate, soil nitrate, stable isotopes},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1715382115},
	url = {http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073},
	author = {Xue-Yan Liu and Keisuke Koba and Lina A. Koyama and Sarah E. Hobbie and M. Weiss and Inagaki, Yoshiyuki and Gaius R Shaver and Anne E. Giblin and S. Hobara and K. J. Nadelhoffer and M. Sommerkorn and Edward B Rastetter and George W Kling and J. A. Laundre and Midori Yano and Akiko Makabe and Y. Yano and Liu, Cong-Qiang}
}
@article {ARC28638,
	title = {ORCHIDEE-PEAT (revision 4596), a model for northern peatland CO<sub>2</sub>, water, and energy fluxes on daily to annual scales},
	journal = {Geoscientific Model Development},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2018},
	month = {01/2018},
	pages = {497 - 519},
	doi = {10.5194/gmd-11-497-201},
	author = {Qiu, Chunjing and Dan Zhu and P. Ciais and Bertrand Guenet and Gerhard Krinner and Shushi Peng and M. Aurela and Christian Bernhofer and Christian Br{\"u}mmer and M Syndonia Bret-Harte and , Housen Chu and Jiquan Chen and Ankur R. Desai and Ji{\v r}{\'\i} Du{\v s}ek and E. S. Euskirchen and Krzysztof Fortuniak and Lawrence B. Flanagan and T. Friborg and Mateusz Grygoruk and S{\'e}bastien Gogo and Thomas Gr{\"u}nwald and Birger U. Hansen and David Holl and Elyn Humphreys and Miriam  Hurkuck and Kiely, Gerard and Klatt, Janina and Kutzbach, Lars and Largeron, Chlo{\'e} and Laggoun-D{\'e}farge, Fatima and Lund, Magnus and Lafleur, Peter M. and Xuefei Li and Mammarella, Ivan and Merbold, Lutz and Nilsson, Mats B. and Olejnik, Janusz and Ottosson-L{\"o}fvenius, Mikaell and W. C. Oechel and Parmentier, Frans-Jan W. and Peichl, Matthias and Pirk, Norbert and Peltola, Olli and Pawlak, W{\l}odzimierz and Rasse, Daniel and Rinne, Janne and Gaius R Shaver and Schmid, Hans Peter and Sottocornola, Matteo and Steinbrecher, Rainer and Sachs, Torsten and Urbaniak, Marek and Zona, Donatella and Ziemblinska, Klaudia}
}
@article {ARC28644,
	title = {Ecosystem responses to climate change at a Low Arctic and a High Arctic long-term research site},
	journal = {Ambio},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2017},
	month = {02/2017},
	pages = {160 - 173},
	issn = {0044-7447},
	doi = {10.1007/s13280-016-0870-x},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13280-016-0870-x},
	author = {John E. Hobbie and Gaius R Shaver and Edward B Rastetter and Jessica E. Cherry and Scott J Goetz and Kevin C. Guay and William A. Gould and George W Kling}
}
@article {ARC28484,
	title = {Long-Term Release of Carbon Dioxide from Arctic Tundra Ecosystems in Alaska},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2017},
	month = {08/2017},
	pages = {960 - 974},
	keywords = {Arctic tundra, carbon dioxide, methane, net ecosystem exchange, permafrost, soil temperature},
	issn = {1432-9840},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-016-0085-9},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10021-016-0085-9},
	author = {E. S. Euskirchen and M Syndonia Bret-Harte and Gaius R Shaver and C. Edgar and V. E. Romanovsky}
}
@article {ARC28418,
	title = {Modeling long-term changes in tundra carbon balance following wildfire, climate change and potential nutrient addition},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2017},
	month = {01/2017},
	pages = {105{\textendash}117 },
	doi = {10.1002/eap.1413},
	author = {Yueyang Jiang and Edward B Rastetter and Gaius R Shaver and Adrian V Rocha and Qianlai Zhuang and Bonnie L. Kwiatkowski}
}
@article {ARC28466,
	title = {Shrub encroachment in Arctic tundra: Betula nana effects on above- and belowground litter decomposition},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {98},
	year = {2017},
	month = {05/2017},
	pages = {1361 - 1376},
	doi = {10.1002/ecy.1790},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ecy.1790},
	author = {Jennie R Mclaren and Kate M. Buckeridge and M. J. van de Weg and Gaius R Shaver and J. P. Schimel and Laura Gough}
}
@article {ARC25084,
	title = {C{\textendash}N{\textendash}P interactions control climate driven changes in regional patterns of C storage on the North Slope of Alaska},
	journal = {Landscape Ecology},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-01-2016},
	pages = {195 - 213},
	issn = {0921-2973},
	doi = {10.1007/s10980-015-0266-5},
	author = {Yueyang Jiang and Adrian V Rocha and Edward B Rastetter and Gaius R Shaver and Mishra, Umakant and Qianlai Zhuang and Bonnie L. Kwiatkowski}
}
@article {ARC28419,
	title = {Effects of long-term nutrient additions on Arctic tundra, stream, and lake ecosystems: beyond NPP},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jul-08-2018},
	issn = {0029-8549},
	doi = {10.1007/s00442-016-3716-0},
	author = {Laura Gough and Neil D. Bettez and K. Slavik and William B Bowden and Anne E. Giblin and George W Kling and J. A. Laundre and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22421,
	title = {Contrasting soil thermal responses to fire in Alaskan tundra and boreal forest},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {363-378},
	doi = {10.1002/2014jf003180},
	author = {Yueyang Jiang and Adrian V Rocha and John A. O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Jessica A. Drysdale and Edward B Rastetter and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22176,
	title = {Convergence of soil nitrogen isotopes across global climate gradients},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {02/2015},
	pages = {8280},
	doi = {10.1038/srep08280},
	author = {Joseph M. Craine and W. T. Baisden and A. J. Elmore and L. Augusto and E. N. J. Brookshire and M. D. Cramer and N. J. Hasselquist and Erik A. Hobbie and A. Kahmen and Keisuke Koba and J. M. Kranabetter and Michelle C. Mack and E. Marin-Spiotta and J. R. Mayor and K. K. McLauchlan and A. Michelsen and G. B. Nardoto and R. S. Oliveira and S. S. Perakis and P. L. Peri and Carlos A Quesada and A. Richter and Gaius R Shaver and B. A. Stevenson and B. L. Turner and R. A. G Viani and W. Wanek and L. Wang and B. Zeller}
}
@article {ARC25085,
	title = {Modeling carbon{\textendash}nutrient interactions during the early recovery of tundra after fire},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-09-2015},
	pages = {1640 - 1652},
	keywords = {Alaska, Anaktuvuk River fire scar, Burn severity, carbon balance, carbon{\textendash}nutrient interaction, disturbance, ecosystem respiration, fire, gross primary production, net ecosystem exchange, net ecosystem production, nutrient limitation, Tundra, USA},
	issn = {1051-0761},
	doi = {10.1890/14-1921.1},
	author = {Yueyang Jiang and Edward B Rastetter and Adrian V Rocha and Andrea R. Pearce and Bonnie L. Kwiatkowski and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22554,
	title = {Northward displacement of optimal climate conditions for ecotypes of Eriophorum vaginatum L. across a latitudinal gradient in Alaska},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2015},
	month = {28 July 2015},
	pages = {3827{\textendash}3835},
	doi = {10.1111/gcb.12991},
	author = {James B. McGraw and J. B. Turner and S. Souther and Cynthia C. Bennington and M. C. Vavrek and Gaius R Shaver and Ned Fetcher}
}
@article {ARC25086,
	title = {Spectral indices for remote sensing of phytomass, deciduous shrubs, and productivity in Alaskan Arctic tundra},
	journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Feb-09-2015},
	pages = {4344 - 4362},
	issn = {0143-1161},
	doi = {10.1080/01431161.2015.1080878},
	url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01431161.2015.1080878},
	author = {K. Kushida and S. Hobara and Tsuyuzaki, Shiro and Kim, Yongwon and Watanabe, Manabu and Setiawan, Yudi and Harada, Koichiro and Gaius R Shaver and Fukuda, Masami}
}
@article {ARC22124,
	title = {Tiller population dynamics of reciprocally transplanted Eriophorum vaginatum L. ecotypes in a changing climate},
	journal = {Population Ecology},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2015},
	month = {November 2014},
	pages = {117-126},
	doi = {10.1007/s10144-014-0459-9},
	author = {J. L. Chandler and James B. McGraw and Cynthia C. Bennington and Gaius R Shaver and M. C. Vavrek and Ned Fetcher}
}
@article {ARC22875,
	title = {Arctic canopy photosynthetic efficiency enhanced under diffuse light, linked to a reduction in the fraction of the canopy in deep shade},
	journal = {New Phytologist},
	volume = {202},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {1267-1276},
	doi = {10.1111/nph.12750},
	author = {Mathew W. Williams and Edward B Rastetter and Laura van der Pol and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22801,
	title = {Ecotypic differentiation in photosynthesis and growth of Eriophorum vaginatum along a latitudinal gradient in the Arctic tundra},
	journal = {Botany},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {551-561},
	isbn = {1916-2790},
	doi = {10.1139/cjb-2013-0320},
	author = {S. Souther and Ned Fetcher and Z. Fowler and Gaius R Shaver and James B. McGraw}
}
@article {ARC22207,
	title = {Long-term experimental warming and nutrient additions increase productivity in tall deciduous shrub tundra},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {Article 72},
	doi = {10.1890/es13-00281.1},
	author = {Jennie DeMarco and Michelle C. Mack and M Syndonia Bret-Harte and M. Burton and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22365,
	title = {Thermal acclimation of shoot respiration in an Arctic woody plant species subjected to 22 years of warming and altered nutrient supply},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {2618-2630},
	doi = {10.1111/gcb.12544},
	author = {Mary A. Heskel and Heather Greaves and Matthew H. Turnbull and O. S. O{\textquoteright}Sullivan and Gaius R Shaver and Kevin L. Griffin and Owen K. Atkin}
}
@article {ARC22364,
	title = {Differential physiological responses to environmental change promote woody shrub expansion},
	journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1149-1162},
	keywords = {tundra shrub encroachment},
	isbn = {2045-7758},
	doi = {10.1002/ece3.525},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.525},
	author = {Mary A. Heskel and Heather Greaves and Ari Kornfeld and Laura Gough and Owen K. Atkin and Matthew H. Turnbull and Gaius R Shaver and Kevin L. Griffin}
}
@article {ARC22372,
	title = {Geochemical influences on solubility of soil organic carbon in arctic tundra ecosystems},
	journal = {Soil Science Society of America Journal},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013/3},
	pages = {473-481},
	isbn = {0361-5995},
	doi = {10.2136/sssaj2012.0199},
	url = {https://www.crops.org/publications/sssaj/abstracts/77/2/473},
	author = {S. Hobara and Keisuke Koba and Ae Noriharu and Anne E. Giblin and K. Kushida and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22792,
	title = {Long-term warming restructures arctic tundra without changing net soil carbon storage},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {497},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {615-618},
	doi = {10.1038/nature12129},
	author = {S. A. Sistla and John C. Moore and R. T. Simpson and Laura Gough and Gaius R Shaver and J. P. Schimel}
}
@article {ARC22785,
	title = {Panarctic modeling of net ecosystem exchange of CO2},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society: Biology},
	volume = {368},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {20120485},
	doi = {10.1098/rstb.2012.0485},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and Edward B Rastetter and V. Salmon and L. E. Street and M. J. van de Weg and Adrian V Rocha and M. T. van Wijk and Mathew W. Williams}
}
@article {ARC22635,
	title = {Phenological responses of tundra plants to background climate warming tested using the International Tundra Experiment},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society: Biology},
	volume = {368},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {2012481},
	doi = {10.1098/rstb.2012.0481},
	author = {Steven F. Oberbauer and Sarah C. Elmendorf and Tiffany Troxler and Robert D. Hollister and Adrian V Rocha and M Syndonia Bret-Harte and A. M. Fosaa and Toke T H{\o}ye and Gregory H. R. Henry and F. Jarrad and Ingibjorg S. Jonsdottir and Kari Klanderud and Julia A. Klein and Ulf Molau and Christian Rixen and N. M. Schmidt and Gaius R Shaver and R. Slider and {\O}rjan Totland and C. Henrik Wahren and J. M. Welker}
}
@article {22082,
	title = {The response of arctic vegetation and soils following the Anaktuvuk River fire of 2007},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
	volume = {368},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1624},
	doi = {10.1098/rstb.2012.0490},
	author = {M Syndonia Bret-Harte and Michelle C. Mack and Gaius R Shaver and D. C. Huebner and Miriam Johnston and C. A. Mojica and Camila Pizano and J. A. Reiskind}
}
@article {22304,
	title = {Above- and belowground responses of arctic tundra ecosystems to altered soil nutrients and mammalian herbivory},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Gough, Laura Moore, John C Shaver, Gauis R Simpson, Rodney T Johnson, David R eng Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S. 2012/08/28 06:00 Ecology. 2012 Jul;93(7):1683-94.},
	month = {2012/07/01},
	pages = {1683-1694},
	keywords = {Soil/*chemistry},
	isbn = {0012-9658},
	doi = {10.1890/11-1631.1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-1631.1},
	author = {Laura Gough and John C. Moore and Gaius R Shaver and R. T. Simpson and David R. Johnson}
}
@article {ARC22491,
	title = {Arctic warming on two continents has consistent negative effects on lichen diversity and mixed effects on bryophyte diversity},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1096-1107},
	keywords = {warming experiment},
	isbn = {1365-2486},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02570.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02570.x},
	author = {Simone I. Lang and J Hans C Cornelissen and Gaius R Shaver and Matthias Ahrens and Terry V. Callaghan and Ulf Molau and Cajo J. F. Ter Braak and Adam H{\"o}lzer and R. Aerts}
}
@article {ARC22090,
	title = {The effect of experimental warming and precipitation change on proteolytic enzyme activity: positive feedbacks to nitrogen availability are not universal},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {2617-2625},
	keywords = {soil organic-matter decomposition},
	isbn = {1365-2486},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02685.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02685.x},
	author = {E. R. Brzostek and J. M. Blair and J. S. Dukes and S. D. Frey and Sarah E. Hobbie and Jerry M. Melillo and Robert J. Mitchell and E. Pendall and Peter B Reich and Gaius R Shaver and A. Stefanski and M. G. Tjoelker and Adrien C. Finzi}
}
@article {ARC22727,
	title = {The footprint of Alaskan tundra fires during the past half-century: implications for surface properties and radiative forcing},
	journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {044039},
	isbn = {1748-9326},
	doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044039},
	url = {http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/7/i=4/a=044039},
	author = {Adrian V Rocha and Michael M. Loranty and Phil E. Higuera and Michelle C. Mack and Feng Sheng Hu and Benjamin M. Jones and Amy L Breen and Edward B Rastetter and Scott J Goetz and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22233,
	title = {Global assessment of experimental climate warming on tundra vegetation: heterogeneity over space and time},
	journal = {Ecology Letters},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {164-175},
	keywords = {plants},
	isbn = {1461-0248},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01716.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01716.x},
	author = {Sarah C. Elmendorf and Gregory H. R. Henry and Robert D. Hollister and Robert G. Bj{\"o}rk and A. D. Bjorkman and Terry V. Callaghan and L. S. Collier and Elisabeth J. Cooper and J Hans C Cornelissen and Thomas A. Day and A. M. Fosaa and William A. Gould and J. Gr{\'e}tarsd{\'o}ttir and John Harte and L. Hermanutz and David S. Hik and Annika Hofgaard and F. Jarrad and Ingibjorg S. Jonsdottir and F. Keuper and Kari Klanderud and Julia A. Klein and Saewan Koh and Gaku Kudo and Simone I. Lang and V. Loewen and Jeremy L. May and Joel A. Mercado-Diaz and A. Michelsen and Ulf Molau and Isla H. Myers-Smith and Steven F. Oberbauer and S. Pieper and E. Post and Christian Rixen and Clare H Robinson and N. M. Schmidt and Gaius R Shaver and A. Stenstrom and Anne Tolvanen and {\O}rjan Totland and Tiffany Troxler and C. Henrik Wahren and Patrick J. Webber and J. M. Welker and P. A. Wookey}
}
@article {ARC22052,
	title = {Home site advantage in two long-lived arctic plant species: results from two 30-year reciprocal transplant studies},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {100},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {841-851},
	keywords = {tussock tundra},
	isbn = {1365-2745},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01984.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01984.x},
	author = {Cynthia C. Bennington and Ned Fetcher and M. C. Vavrek and Gaius R Shaver and K. J. Cummings and James B. McGraw}
}
@article {ARC22815,
	title = {Incident radiation and the allocation of nitrogen within Arctic plant canopies: implications for predicting gross primary productivity},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2012},
	note = {984WH Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:57},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {2838-2852},
	keywords = {Tundra vegetation},
	isbn = {1365-2486},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02754.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02754.x},
	author = {L. E. Street and Gaius R Shaver and Edward B Rastetter and M. T. van Wijk and B. A. Kaye and Mathew W. Williams}
}
@article {ARC22105,
	title = {Interactions among shrub cover and the soil microclimate may determine future Arctic carbon budgets},
	journal = {Ecology Letters},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1415-1422},
	keywords = {shrub encroachment},
	isbn = {1461-0248},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01865.x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01865.x},
	author = {S. M. P. Cahoon and P. F. Sullivan and Gaius R Shaver and J. M. Welker and E. Post}
}
@article {ARC22477,
	title = {Past, present, and future roles of long-term experiments in the LTER network},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {377-389},
	doi = {10.1525/bio.2012.62.4.9},
	author = {A. K. Knapp and M. D. Smith and Sarah E. Hobbie and Scott L Collins and T. J. Fahey and G. J. A. Hansen and D. A. Landis and K. J. La Pierre and Jerry M. Melillo and T. R. Seastedt and Gaius R Shaver and Jackson R. Webster}
}
@article {ARC22234,
	title = {Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent summer warming},
	journal = {Nature Climate Change},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {453-457},
	doi = {10.1038/nclimate1465},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v2/n6/abs/nclimate1465.html$\#$supplementary-information},
	author = {Sarah C. Elmendorf and Gregory H. R. Henry and Robert D. Hollister and Robert G. Bj{\"o}rk and Noemie Boulanger-Lapointe and Elisabeth J. Cooper and J Hans C Cornelissen and Thomas A. Day and Ellen Dorrepaal and Tatiana G. Elumeeva and Mike Gill and William A. Gould and John Harte and David S. Hik and Annika Hofgaard and David R. Johnson and Jill F Johnstone and Ingibjorg S. Jonsdottir and Janet C. Jorgenson and Kari Klanderud and Julia A. Klein and Saewan Koh and Gaku Kudo and Mark J. Lara and Esther Levesque and Borg{\th}or Magnusson and Jeremy L. May and Joel A. Mercado-Diaz and A. Michelsen and Ulf Molau and Isla H. Myers-Smith and Steven F. Oberbauer and Vladimir G. Onipchenko and Christian Rixen and N. M. Schmidt and Gaius R Shaver and Marko J. Spasojevic and Ora Ellen Orhallsdottir and Anne Tolvanen and Tiffany Troxler and Craig E. Tweedie and Sandra Villarreal and C. Henrik Wahren and Xanthe Walker and Patrick J. Webber and J. M. Welker and Sonja Wipf}
}
@article {ARC22831,
	title = {Response of dark respiration to temperature in Eriophorum vaginatum from a 30-year-old transplant experiment in Alaska},
	journal = {Plant Ecology and Diversity},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1-5},
	isbn = {1755-0874},
	doi = {10.1080/17550874.2012.729618},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2012.729618},
	author = {M. J. van de Weg and Ned Fetcher and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22241,
	title = {Seasonal patterns of carbon dioxide and water fluxes in three representative tundra ecosystems in northern Alaska},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012/01/01},
	pages = {art 4},
	isbn = {2150-8925},
	doi = {10.1890/es11-00202.1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES11-00202.1},
	author = {E. S. Euskirchen and M Syndonia Bret-Harte and G. J. Scott and C. Edgar and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22051,
	title = {Vegetation shifts observed in arctic tundra 17 years after fire},
	journal = {Remote Sensing Letters},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012/12/20},
	pages = {729-736},
	isbn = {2150-704X},
	doi = {10.1080/2150704x.2012.676741},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2012.676741},
	author = {K. Barrett and Adrian V Rocha and M. J. van de Weg and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22729,
	title = {Burn severity influences postfire CO2 exchange in arctic tundra},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Rocha, Adrian V Shaver, Gaius R eng Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S. 2011/05/14 06:00 Ecol Appl. 2011 Mar;21(2):477-89.},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {477-89},
	keywords = {Time Factors},
	isbn = {1051-0761 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1890/10-0255.1},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21563578},
	author = {Adrian V Rocha and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22533,
	title = {Carbon loss from an unprecedented Arctic tundra wildfire},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {475},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Mack, Michelle C Bret-Harte, M Syndonia Hollingsworth, Teresa N Jandt, Randi R Schuur, Edward A G Shaver, Gaius R Verbyla, David L eng Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S. England 2011/07/29 06:00 Nature. 2011 Jul 27;475(7357):489-92. doi: 10.1038/nature10283.},
	month = {Jul 28},
	pages = {489-92},
	keywords = {Soil chemistry},
	isbn = {1476-4687 (Electronic) 0028-0836 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1038/nature10283},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21796209},
	author = {Michelle C. Mack and M Syndonia Bret-Harte and Teresa N Hollingsworth and R. R. Jandt and Edward A G Schuur and Gaius R Shaver and D. L. Verbyla}
}
@article {ARC22429,
	title = {Exclusion of brown lemmings reduces vascular plant cover and biomass in Arctic coastal tundra: resampling of a 50+ year herbivore exclosure experiment near Barrow, Alaska},
	journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {8pp},
	isbn = {1748-9326},
	doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045507},
	author = {David R. Johnson and Mark J. Lara and Gaius R Shaver and G. O. Batzli and J. D. Shaw and Craig E. Tweedie}
}
@article {ARC22730,
	title = {Postfire energy exchange in arctic tundra: the importance and climatic implications of burn severity},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2011},
	note = {800WS Times Cited:6 Cited References Count:47},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {2831-2841},
	keywords = {feedbacks},
	isbn = {1354-1013},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02441.x},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000293399000005},
	author = {Adrian V Rocha and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22510,
	title = {Scaling an instantaneous model of tundra NEE to the Arctic landscape},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {76-93},
	isbn = {1432-9840},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-010-9396-4},
	author = {Michael M. Loranty and Scott J Goetz and Edward B Rastetter and Adrian V Rocha and Gaius R Shaver and E. R. Humphreys and P. M. Lafleur}
}
@article {ARC22066,
	title = {Understanding burn severity sensing in Arctic tundra: exploring vegetation indices, suboptimal assessment timing and the impact of increasing pixel size},
	journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {7033-7056},
	doi = {10.1080/01431161.2011.611187},
	author = {Natalie T. Boelman and Adrian V Rocha and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22890,
	title = {Depleted 15N in hydrolysable-N of arctic soils and its implication for mycorrhizal fungi{\textendash}plant interaction},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {97},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010/03/01},
	pages = {183-194},
	keywords = {Plant{\textendash}fungal interaction},
	isbn = {0168-2563},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-009-9365-1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9365-1},
	author = {Y. Yano and Gaius R Shaver and Anne E. Giblin and Edward B Rastetter}
}
@article {ARC22891,
	title = {Nitrogen dynamics in a small arctic watershed: retention and downhill movement of 15N},
	journal = {Ecological Monographs},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {331-351},
	keywords = {Plant{\textendash}fungal interaction},
	doi = {10.1890/08-0773.1},
	url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/08-0773.1},
	author = {Y. Yano and Gaius R Shaver and Anne E. Giblin and Edward B Rastetter and K. J. Nadelhoffer}
}
@article {ARC22715,
	title = {Processing arctic eddy-flux data using a simple carbon-exchange model embedded in the ensemble Kalman filter},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2010},
	month = {July 2010},
	pages = {1285-1301},
	keywords = {Alaska, data assimilation, ecosystem carbon balance, ecosystem models, eddy covariance, Kalman filter, net ecosystem carbon exchange, USA},
	doi = {10.1890/09-0876.1},
	url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/09-0876.1},
	author = {Edward B Rastetter and Mathew W. Williams and Kevin L. Griffin and Bonnie L. Kwiatkowski and G. Tomasky and M. J. Potosnak and P. C. Stoy and Gaius R Shaver and M. Stieglitz and John E. Hobbie and George W Kling}
}
@article {ARC22728,
	title = {Advantages of a two band EVI calculated from solar and photosynthetically active radiation fluxes},
	journal = {Agricultural and Forest Meteorology},
	volume = {149},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1560-1563},
	keywords = {Burn severity, EVI2, NDVI, Tundra, Vegetation phenology},
	doi = {10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.03.016},
	author = {Adrian V Rocha and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22119,
	title = {Determination of leaf area index, total foliar N, and normalized difference vegetation index for arctic ecosystems dominated by Cassiope tetragona},
	journal = {Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {426-433},
	isbn = {1523-0430},
	doi = {10.1657/1938-4246-41.4.426},
	author = {M. Campioli and L. E. Street and A. Michelsen and Gaius R Shaver and T. Maere and R. Samson and R. Lemeur}
}
@article {ARC22881,
	title = {Ecosystem Feedbacks and cascade processes: understanding their role in the responses of arctic and alpine ecosystems to environmental change},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1153-1172},
	keywords = {alpine, Arctic, carbon, ecosystem, energy, feedback, global change, herbivory, nitrogen, plant functional type},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01801.x},
	author = {P. A. Wookey and R. Aerts and R. D. Bardgett and F. Baptist and K. A. Br{\r a}then and J Hans C Cornelissen and Laura Gough and I. P. Hartley and D. W. Hopkins and S. Lavorel and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22634,
	title = {Nutrient addition prompts rapid destabilization of organic matter in an Arctic tundra ecosystem},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {16-25},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-007-9104-1},
	author = {N. Nowinski and S. E. Trumbore and Edward A G Schuur and Michelle C. Mack and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22081,
	title = {Plant functional types do not predict biomass responses to removal and fertilization in Alaskan tussock tundra},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {96},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {713-726},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01378.x},
	author = {M Syndonia Bret-Harte and Michelle C. Mack and Gregory R. Goldsmith and D. B. Sloan and Jennie DeMarco and Gaius R Shaver and P. M. Ray and Z. Biesinger and F Stuart Chapin III}
}
@article {ARC22490,
	title = {Plant nutrient-acquisition strategies change with soil age},
	journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {95-103},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2007.10.008},
	author = {H. Lambers and J. A. Raven and Gaius R Shaver and S. E. Smith}
}
@article {ARC22475,
	title = {Shrub encroachment in North American grasslands: shift in growth form dominance rapidly alters control of ecosystem C inputs},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {615-623},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01512.x},
	author = {A. K. Knapp and J. M. Briggs and Scott L Collins and S. R. Archer and M Syndonia Bret-Harte and B. E. Ewers and D. P. C. Peters and D. R. Young and Gaius R Shaver and E. Pendall and M. B. Cleary}
}
@article {ARC22819,
	title = {Climate and species affect fine root production with long-term fertilization in acidic tussock tundra near Toolik Lake, Alaska},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {153},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {643-652},
	doi = {10.1007/s00442-007-0753-8},
	author = {P. F. Sullivan and M. Sommerkorn and H. M. Rueth and K. J. Nadelhoffer and Gaius R Shaver and J. M. Welker}
}
@article {ARC22225,
	title = {The contribution of mosses to the carbon and water exchange of arctic ecosystems: quantification and relationship with system properties},
	journal = {Plant, Cell and Environment},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {1205-1215},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01697.x},
	author = {J. C. Douma and M. T. van Wijk and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22786,
	title = {Functional convergence in regulation of net CO2 flux in heterogeneous tundra landscapes in Alaska and Sweden},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {95},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {802-817},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01259.x},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and L. E. Street and Edward B Rastetter and M. T. van Wijk and Mathew W. Williams}
}
@article {ARC22163,
	title = {Global negative vegetation feedback to climate warming responses of leaf litter decomposition rates in cold biomes},
	journal = {Ecology Letters},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {619-627},
	isbn = {1461-023X (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01051.x},
	author = {J Hans C Cornelissen and P. M. van Bodegom and R. Aerts and Terry V. Callaghan and R. S. P. van Logtestijn and Juha M. Alatalo and F Stuart Chapin III and R. Gerdol and J. Gudmundsson and D. Gwynn-Jones and A. E. Hartley and David S. Hik and Annika Hofgaard and Ingibjorg S. Jonsdottir and J. Karlsson and Julia A. Klein and J. A. Laundre and Borg{\th}or Magnusson and A. Michelsen and Ulf Molau and Vladimir G. Onipchenko and H. M. Quested and S. M. Sandvik and I. K. Schmidt and Gaius R Shaver and B. Solheim and N. A. Soudzilovskaia and A. Stenstrom and Anne Tolvanen and {\O}rjan Totland and N. Wada and J. M. Welker and X. Zhao and M. O. L. Team}
}
@article {ARC22816,
	title = {What is the relationship between changes in canopy leaf area and changes in photosynthetic CO2 flux in Arctic ecosystems?},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {95},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {139-150},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01187.x},
	author = {L. E. Street and Gaius R Shaver and Mathew W. Williams and M. T. van Wijk}
}
@article {ARC22773,
	title = {Carbon turnover in Alaskan tundra soils: effects of organic matter quality, temperature, moisture and fertilizer},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {94},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {740-753},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01139.x},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and Anne E. Giblin and K. J. Nadelhoffer and K. K. Thieler and M. R. Downs and J. A. Laundre and Edward B Rastetter}
}
@article {ARC22876,
	title = {Identifying differences in carbon exchange among arctic ecosystem types},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {288-304},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-005-0146-y},
	author = {Mathew W. Williams and L. E. Street and M. T. van Wijk and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {22157,
	title = {Increased ectomycorrhizal fungal abundance after long-term fertilization and warming of two arctic tundra ecosystems},
	journal = {New Phytologist},
	volume = {171},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {391-404},
	isbn = {0028-646X (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01778.x},
	author = {K. E. Clemmensen and A. Michelsen and Sven Jonasson and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22373,
	title = {Nitrogen fixation in surface soils and vegetation in an Arctic tundra watershed: A key source of atmospheric nitrogen},
	journal = {Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {363-372},
	isbn = {1523-0430},
	doi = {10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38\%5B363:Nfissa\%5D2.0.Co;2},
	author = {S. Hobara and C. McCalley and Keisuke Koba and Anne E. Giblin and M. Weiss and Gretchen M. Gettel and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22848,
	title = {Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {103},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1342-1346},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0503198103},
	author = {Marilyn D. Walker and C. Henrik Wahren and Robert D. Hollister and Gregory H. R. Henry and Lorraine E. Ahlquist and Juha M. Alatalo and M Syndonia Bret-Harte and Monika P. Calef and Terry V. Callaghan and Amy B. Carroll and Howard E Epstein and Ingibjorg S. Jonsdottir and Julia A. Klein and Borg{\th}or Magnusson and Ulf Molau and Steven F. Oberbauer and Steven P. Rewa and Clare H Robinson and Gaius R Shaver and Katharine N. Suding and Catharine C. Thompson and Anne Tolvanen and {\O}rjan Totland and P. Lee Turner and Craig E. Tweedie and Patrick J. Webber and P. A. Wookey}
}
@article {ARC22067,
	title = {Inter-annual variability of NDVI in response to long-term warming and fertilization in wet sedge and tussock tundra},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {143},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {588-597},
	isbn = {0029-8549 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1007/s00442-005-0012-9},
	author = {Natalie T. Boelman and M. Stieglitz and Kevin L. Griffin and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22408,
	title = {Species compositional differences on different-aged glacial landscapes drive contrasting responses of tundra to nutrient addition},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {770-782},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01006.x},
	author = {Sarah E. Hobbie and Laura Gough and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22711,
	title = {Terrestrial C sequestration at elevated-CO2 and temperature: The role of dissolved organic N loss},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {71-86},
	doi = {10.1890/03-5303},
	author = {Edward B Rastetter and S. S. Perakis and Gaius R Shaver and G. I. {\r A}gren}
}
@article {ARC22837,
	title = {Tight coupling between leaf area index and foliage N content in arctic plant communities},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {142},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {421-427},
	doi = {10.1007/s00442-004-1733-x},
	author = {M. T. van Wijk and Mathew W. Williams and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22111,
	title = {Biodiversity, distributions and adaptations of Arctic species in the context of environmental change},
	journal = {Ambio},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {404-417},
	isbn = {0044-7447 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.404},
	author = {Terry V. Callaghan and L. O. Bj{\"o}rn and Y. Chernov and F Stuart Chapin III and Torben R Christensen and B. Huntley and R. A. Ims and D. Jolly and M. Johansson and Sven Jonasson and N. Matveyeva and N. Panikov and W. C. Oechel and Gaius R Shaver and J. Elster and H. Henttonen and K. Laine and K. Taulavuori and E. Taulavuori and C. Z{\"o}ckler}
}
@article {ARC22534,
	title = {Ecosystem carbon storage in arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {431},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {440-443},
	doi = {10.1038/nature02887},
	author = {Michelle C. Mack and Edward A G Schuur and M Syndonia Bret-Harte and Gaius R Shaver and F Stuart Chapin III}
}
@article {ARC22114,
	title = {Effects of Changes in Climate on Landscape and Regional Processes, and Feedbacks to the Climate System},
	journal = {Ambio},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {459-468},
	isbn = {0044-7447 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.459},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15573573},
	author = {Terry V. Callaghan and L. O. Bj{\"o}rn and Y. Chernov and F Stuart Chapin III and Torben R Christensen and B. Huntley and R. A. Ims and D. Jolly and M. Johansson and Sven Jonasson and N. Matveyeva and N. Panikov and W. C. Oechel and Gaius R Shaver and S. Schaphoff and S. Sitch}
}
@article {ARC22109,
	title = {Effects on the function of Arctic ecosystems in the short- and long-term perspectives},
	journal = {Ambio},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {448-458},
	isbn = {0044-7447 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.448},
	author = {Terry V. Callaghan and L. O. Bj{\"o}rn and Y. Chernov and F Stuart Chapin III and Torben R Christensen and B. Huntley and R. A. Ims and D. Jolly and M. Johansson and Sven Jonasson and N. Matveyeva and N. Panikov and W. C. Oechel and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22113,
	title = {Effects on the structure of arctic ecosystems in the short- and long-term perspectives},
	journal = {Ambio},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {436-447},
	isbn = {0044-7447 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.436},
	author = {Terry V. Callaghan and L. O. Bj{\"o}rn and Y. Chernov and F Stuart Chapin III and Torben R Christensen and B. Huntley and R. A. Ims and D. Jolly and M. Johansson and Sven Jonasson and N. Matveyeva and N. Panikov and W. C. Oechel and Gaius R Shaver and H. Henttonen}
}
@article {ARC22116,
	title = {Key findings and extended summaries},
	journal = {Ambio},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {386-392},
	isbn = {0044-7447 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.386},
	author = {Terry V. Callaghan and L. O. Bj{\"o}rn and Y. Chernov and F Stuart Chapin III and Torben R Christensen and B. Huntley and R. A. Ims and D. Jolly and M. Johansson and Sven Jonasson and N. Matveyeva and N. Panikov and W. C. Oechel and Gaius R Shaver and S. Schaphoff and S. Sitch and C. Z{\"o}ckler}
}
@article {ARC22833,
	title = {Long-term ecosystem level experiments in Toolik Lake, Alaska, and Abisko, Northern Sweden: generalizations and differences in ecosystem and plant type responses to global change},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {105-123},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2003.00719.x},
	author = {M. T. van Wijk and K. E. Clemmensen and Gaius R Shaver and Mathew W. Williams and Terry V. Callaghan and F Stuart Chapin III and J Hans C Cornelissen and Laura Gough and Sarah E. Hobbie and Sven Jonasson and J. A. Lee and A. Michelsen and M. C. Press and S. J. Richardson and H. M. Rueth}
}
@article {ARC22633,
	title = {Nitrogen uptake by arctic soil microbes and plants in relation to soil nitrogen supply},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2004},
	month = {05/2004},
	pages = {955-962},
	doi = {10.1890/03-0084},
	author = {A. Nordin and I. K. Schmidt and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22108,
	title = {Past changes in Arctic terrestrial ecosystems, climate and UV radiation},
	journal = {Ambio},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {398-403},
	isbn = {0044-7447 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398},
	author = {Terry V. Callaghan and L. O. Bj{\"o}rn and Y. Chernov and F Stuart Chapin III and Torben R Christensen and B. Huntley and R. A. Ims and D. Jolly and M. Johansson and Sven Jonasson and N. Matveyeva and N. Panikov and W. C. Oechel and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22107,
	title = {Rationale, concepts and approach to the assessment},
	journal = {Ambio},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {393-397},
	isbn = {0044-7447 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.393},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15573567},
	author = {Terry V. Callaghan and L. O. Bj{\"o}rn and Y. Chernov and F Stuart Chapin III and Torben R Christensen and B. Huntley and R. A. Ims and M. Johansson and D. Jolly and Sven Jonasson and N. Matveyeva and N. Panikov and W. C. Oechel and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22112,
	title = {Responses to projected changes in climate and UV-B at the species level},
	journal = {Ambio},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {418-435},
	isbn = {0044-7447},
	doi = {10.1639/0044-7447(2004)033\%5B0418:Rtpcic\%5D2.0.Co;2},
	author = {Terry V. Callaghan and L. O. Bj{\"o}rn and Y. Chernov and F Stuart Chapin III and Torben R Christensen and B. Huntley and R. A. Ims and D. Jolly and M. Johansson and Sven Jonasson and N. Matveyeva and N. Panikov and W. C. Oechel and Gaius R Shaver and J. Elster and Ingibjorg S. Jonsdottir and K. Laine and K. Taulavuori and E. Taulavuori and C. Z{\"o}ckler}
}
@article {ARC22338,
	title = {Species diversity along nutrient gradients: An analysis of resource competition in model ecosystems},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {296-310},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-003-0233-x},
	author = {D. A. Herbert and Edward B Rastetter and Laura Gough and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22115,
	title = {Synthesis of effects in four Arctic subregions},
	journal = {Ambio},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {469-473},
	isbn = {0044-7447 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.469},
	author = {Terry V. Callaghan and L. O. Bj{\"o}rn and Y. Chernov and F Stuart Chapin III and Torben R Christensen and B. Huntley and R. A. Ims and D. Jolly and M. Johansson and Sven Jonasson and N. Matveyeva and N. Panikov and W. C. Oechel and Gaius R Shaver and S. Schaphoff and S. Sitch and C. Z{\"o}ckler}
}
@article {ARC22110,
	title = {Uncertainties and recommendations},
	journal = {Ambio},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {474-479},
	isbn = {0044-7447 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.474},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15573575},
	author = {Terry V. Callaghan and L. O. Bj{\"o}rn and Y. Chernov and F Stuart Chapin III and Torben R Christensen and B. Huntley and R. A. Ims and D. Jolly and M. Johansson and Sven Jonasson and N. Matveyeva and N. Panikov and W. C. Oechel and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22832,
	title = {Factors determining plant species richness in Alaskan arctic tundra},
	journal = {Journal of Vegetation Science},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {711-720.},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02203.x},
	author = {M. E. W. van der Welle and P. J. Vermeulen and Gaius R Shaver and F. Berendse}
}
@article {ARC22836,
	title = {Inter-annual variability of plant phenology in tussock tundra: modelling interactions of plant productivity, snowmelt, and soil thaw},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {743-758},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00625.x},
	author = {M. T. van Wijk and Mathew W. Williams and J. A. Laundre and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22835,
	title = {Luxury consumption: A possible competitive strategy in above-belowground carbon allocation for slow-growing vegetation?},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {664-676},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00788.x},
	author = {M. T. van Wijk and Mathew W. Williams and Laura Gough and Sarah E. Hobbie and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22068,
	title = {Response of NDVI, biomass, and ecosystem gas exchange to long-term warming and fertilization in wet sedge tundra},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {135},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {414-421},
	doi = {10.1007/s00442-003-1198-3},
	author = {Natalie T. Boelman and M. Stieglitz and H. M. Rueth and M. Sommerkorn and Kevin L. Griffin and Gaius R Shaver and J. A. Gamon}
}
@article {ARC22309,
	title = {Dry heath arctic tundra responses to long-term nutrient and light manipulation},
	journal = {Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {211-218},
	doi = {10.2307/1552473},
	author = {Laura Gough and P. A. Wookey and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22622,
	title = {Fine root production and nutrient content in wet and moist arctic tundras as influenced by chronic fertilization},
	journal = {Plant and Soil},
	volume = {242},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {107-113},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1019646124768},
	author = {K. J. Nadelhoffer and L. C. Johnson and J. A. Laundre and Anne E. Giblin and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22746,
	title = {Mineralization and distribution of nutrients by plants and microbes in four arctic ecosystems: responses to warming},
	journal = {Plant and Soil},
	volume = {242},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {93-106},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1019642007929},
	author = {I. K. Schmidt and Sven Jonasson and Gaius R Shaver and A. Michelsen and A. Nordin}
}
@article {ARC22083,
	title = {Primary and secondary stem growth in Arctic shrubs: Implications for community response to environmental change},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {251-267},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00657.x},
	author = {M Syndonia Bret-Harte and Gaius R Shaver and F Stuart Chapin III}
}
@article {ARC22559,
	title = {Resource-based niche provide a basis for plant species diversity and dominance in arctic tundra},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {415},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {68-71},
	doi = {10.1038/415068a},
	author = {R. B. McKane and L. C. Johnson and Gaius R Shaver and K. J. Nadelhoffer and Edward B Rastetter and B. Fry and Anne E. Giblin and K. Kielland and Bonnie L. Kwiatkowski and J. A. Laundre and G. L. Murray}
}
@article {ARC22084,
	title = {Developmental plasticity allows Betula nana to dominate tundra subjected to an altered environment},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {18-32},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082\%5B0018:DPABNT\%5D2.0.CO;2},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2680083},
	author = {M Syndonia Bret-Harte and Gaius R Shaver and J. P. Zoerner and Jill F Johnstone and J. L. Wagner and A. S. Chavez and R. F. Gunkelman and S. C. Lippert and J. A. Laundre}
}
@article {ARC22312,
	title = {Environmental control and intersite variations of phenolics in Betula nana in tundra ecosystems},
	journal = {New Phytologist},
	volume = {151},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {227-236.},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00149.x},
	author = {E. Graglia and R. Julkunen-Tiitto and Gaius R Shaver and I. K. Schmidt and Sven Jonasson and A. Michelsen}
}
@article {ARC22162,
	title = {Global change and arctic ecosystems: is lichen decline a function of increases in vascular plant biomass?},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {984-994},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2001.00625.x},
	author = {J Hans C Cornelissen and Terry V. Callaghan and Juha M. Alatalo and A. Michelsen and E. Graglia and A. E. Hartley and David S. Hik and Sarah E. Hobbie and M. C. Press and Clare H Robinson and Gregory H. R. Henry and Gaius R Shaver and G. K. Phoenix and D. Gwynn-Jones and Sven Jonasson and F Stuart Chapin III and Ulf Molau and C. Neill and J. A. Lee and Jerry M. Melillo and B. Sveinbj{\"o}rnsson and R. Aerts}
}
@article {ARC22872,
	title = {Primary production of an arctic watershed: An uncertainty analysis},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {1800-1816},
	doi = {10.1890/1051-0761\%282001\%29011\%5B1800\%3APPOAAW\%5D2.0.CO\%3B2},
	author = {Mathew W. Williams and Edward B Rastetter and E. Carpino and John E. Hobbie and Gaius R Shaver and Bonnie L. Kwiatkowski}
}
@article {ARC22762,
	title = {Species composition interacts with fertilizer to control long-term change in tundra productivity},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {3163-3181},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9658\%282001\%29082\%5B3163\%3ASCIWFT\%5D2.0.CO\%3B2},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and M Syndonia Bret-Harte and M. H. Jones and Jill F Johnstone and Laura Gough and J. A. Laundre and F Stuart Chapin III}
}
@article {ARC22120,
	title = {Carbon metabolism of the terrestrial biosphere: A multi-technique approach for improved understanding},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2000},
	note = {2000 Issn 1432-9840 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {115-130},
	keywords = {Terrestrial ecosystems},
	doi = {10.1007/s100210000014},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3658630},
	author = {J. G. Canadell and H. A. Mooney and D. D. Baldocchi and J. A. Berry and J. R. Ehleringer and C. B. Field and S. T. Gower and D. Y. Hollinger and J. E. Hunt and R. B. Jackson and S. W. Running and Gaius R Shaver and W. Steffen and S. E. Trumbore and R. Valentini and B. Y. Bond}
}
@article {ARC22763,
	title = {Global warming and terrestrial ecosystems: A conceptual framework for analysis},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000/10/01},
	pages = {871-882},
	keywords = {plants},
	isbn = {0006-3568},
	doi = {10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050\%5B0871:GWATEA\%5D2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and J. G. Canadell and F Stuart Chapin III and Jessica Gurevitch and John Harte and Gregory H. R. Henry and Phil Ineson and Sven Jonasson and Jerry M. Melillo and Louis Pitelka and Lindsey E. Rustad}
}
@article {ARC22430,
	title = {Plant carbon-nutrient interactions control CO2 exchange in Alaskan wet sedge tundra ecosystems},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Feb 2000 Issn 0012-9658 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences \& Living Resources},
	pages = {453-469},
	keywords = {chronic, Last, warming},
	doi = {10.1890\%2F0012-9658\%282000\%29081\%5B0453\%3APCNICC\%5D2.0.CO\%3B2},
	author = {L. C. Johnson and Gaius R Shaver and D. H. Cades and Edward B Rastetter and K. J. Nadelhoffer and Anne E. Giblin and J. A. Laundre and A. Stanley}
}
@article {ARC22307,
	title = {Vascular plant species richness in Alaskan arctic tundra: the importance of soil pH},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {88},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Feb 2000 Issn 0022-0477 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {54-66},
	keywords = {toposequence},
	isbn = {0022-0477},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00426.x},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000085946700005},
	author = {Laura Gough and Gaius R Shaver and J. Carroll and D. L. Royer and J. A. Laundre}
}
@article {ARC22339,
	title = {Effects of plant growth characteristics on biogeochemistry and community composition in a changing climate},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {367-382},
	isbn = {1432-9840},
	doi = {10.1007/s100219900086},
	author = {D. A. Herbert and Edward B Rastetter and Gaius R Shaver and G. I. {\r A}gren}
}
@article {ARC22838,
	title = {Recovery of productivity and species diversity in tussock tundra following disturbance},
	journal = {Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Aug 1999 Issn 1523-0430 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {254-258},
	keywords = {climate},
	isbn = {1523-0430},
	doi = {10.2307/1552254},
	author = {M. C. Vavrek and Ned Fetcher and James B. McGraw and Gaius R Shaver and F Stuart Chapin III and B. Bovard}
}
@article {ARC22775,
	title = {Response of arctic ecosystems to climate change: Results of long-term field experiments in Sweden and Alaska},
	journal = {Polar Research},
	volume = {18},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {245-252},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00300.x},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and Sven Jonasson}
}
@article {ARC22437,
	title = {Within-stand nutrient cycling in arctic and boreal wetlands},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {80},
	year = {1999},
	note = {243QU Times Cited:51 Cited References Count:99},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {2139-2150},
	keywords = {use efficiency},
	isbn = {0012-9658},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9658\%281999\%29080\%5B2139\%3AWSNCIA\%5D2.0.CO\%3B2},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000083009400002},
	author = {Sven Jonasson and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22774,
	title = {Biomass and CO2 flux in wet sedge tundras: Responses to nutrients, temperature, and light},
	journal = {Ecological Monographs},
	volume = {68},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {75-97},
	keywords = {temperature},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068\%5B0075:BACFIW\%5D2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and L. C. Johnson and D. H. Cades and G. L. Murray and J. A. Laundre and Edward B Rastetter and K. J. Nadelhoffer and Anne E. Giblin}
}
@article {ARC22561,
	title = {Climatic effects on tundra carbon storage inferred from experimental data and a model},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {78},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Jun 1997 Issn 0012-9658 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {1170-1187},
	keywords = {Tundra},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9658\%281997\%29078\%5B1170\%3ACEOTCS\%5D2.0.CO\%3B2},
	author = {R. B. McKane and Edward B Rastetter and Gaius R Shaver and K. J. Nadelhoffer and Anne E. Giblin and J. A. Laundre and F Stuart Chapin III}
}
@article {ARC22599,
	title = {Controls on seed production and seed germinability in Eriophorum vaginatum},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Dec 1997 Issn 1354-1013 Special issue: The International Experiment (ITEX). Short-term responses of tundra plants to experimental warming. English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts},
	pages = {80-88},
	keywords = {P 5000 LAND POLLUTION},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.1997.gcb130.x},
	author = {Ulf Molau and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22778,
	title = {Exsertion, elongation, and senescence of leaves of Eriophorum vaginatum and Carex bigelowii in Northern Alaska},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Dec 1997 Issn 1354-1013 Special issue: The International Experiment (ITEX). Short-term responses of tundra plants to experimental warming. English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {146-157},
	keywords = {Carex bigelowii D 04636 Grasses},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.1997.gcb141.x},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and J. A. Laundre}
}
@article {ARC22873,
	title = {Predicting gross primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Aug 1997 Issn 1051-0761 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {882-894},
	keywords = {Toolik Lake.},
	doi = {10.1890/1051-0761\%281997\%29007\%5B0882\%3APGPPIT\%5D2.0.CO\%3B2},
	author = {Mathew W. Williams and Edward B Rastetter and D N Fernandes and M. L. Goulden and Gaius R Shaver and L. C. Johnson}
}
@article {ARC22560,
	title = {Reconstruction and analysis of historical changes in carbon storage in arctic tundra},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {78},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Jun 1997 Issn 0012-9658 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts},
	pages = {1188-1198},
	keywords = {Tundra},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9658\%281997\%29078\%5B1188\%3ARAAOHC\%5D2.0.CO\%3B2},
	author = {R. B. McKane and Edward B Rastetter and Gaius R Shaver and K. J. Nadelhoffer and Anne E. Giblin and J. A. Laundre and F Stuart Chapin III}
}
@article {ARC22705,
	title = {Responses of N-limited ecosystems to increased CO2: A balanced-nutrition, coupled-element-cycles model},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1997},
	note = {May 1997 Issn 1051-0761 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	month = {05/1997},
	pages = {444-460},
	doi = {10.2307/2269511},
	author = {Edward B Rastetter and G. I. {\r A}gren and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22780,
	title = {Changes in live plant biomass, primary production, and species composition along a riverside toposequence in Arctic Alaska, U.S.A},
	journal = {Arctic and Alpine Research},
	volume = {28},
	year = {1996},
	note = {1996 Issn 0004-0851 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {363-379},
	keywords = {D 04140 Taiga/tundra},
	doi = {10.2307/1552116},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and J. A. Laundre and Anne E. Giblin and K. J. Nadelhoffer}
}
@article {ARC22143,
	title = {CO2 fluctuation at high latitudes},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {383},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {585-586},
	doi = {10.1038/383585b0},
	author = {F Stuart Chapin III and S. A. Zimov and Gaius R Shaver and Sarah E. Hobbie}
}
@article {ARC22431,
	title = {Effects of drainage and temperature on carbon balance of tussock tundra microcosms},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {108},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Dec 1996 Issn 0029-8549 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {737-748},
	keywords = {Eriophorum vaginatum D 04140 Taiga/tundra},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00329050},
	author = {L. C. Johnson and Gaius R Shaver and Anne E. Giblin and K. J. Nadelhoffer and Edward B Rastetter and J. A. Laundre and G. L. Murray}
}
@article {ARC22874,
	title = {Modelling the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in a Quercus-Acer stand at Harvard Forest: The regulation of stomatal conductance by light, nitrogen, and soil/plant hydraulic properties},
	journal = {Plant, Cell and Environment},
	volume = {19},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {911-927},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00456.x},
	author = {Mathew W. Williams and Edward B Rastetter and D. W. Fernandes and M. L. Goulden and S. C. Wofsy and Gaius R Shaver and Jerry M. Melillo and J. W. Munger and S. M. Fan and K. J. Nadelhoffer}
}
@article {ARC22620,
	title = {N-15 natural abundances and N use by tundra plants},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {107},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Times Cited: 1800191},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {386-394},
	isbn = {0029-8549},
	doi = {10.1007/bf00328456},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1996VC24600013},
	author = {K. J. Nadelhoffer and Gaius R Shaver and B. Fry and Anne E. Giblin and L. C. Johnson and R. B. McKane}
}
@article {ARC22139,
	title = {Physiological and growth responses of arctic plants to a field experiment simulating climatic change},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {77},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {822-840},
	keywords = {light effects},
	doi = {10.2307/2265504},
	author = {F Stuart Chapin III and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22768,
	title = {Long-term responses to factorial, NPK fertilizer treatment by Alaskan wet and moist tundra sedge species},
	journal = {Ecography},
	volume = {18},
	year = {1995},
	note = {1995 Issn 0906-7590 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {259-275},
	keywords = {Alaska D 04640 Other angiosperms, USA},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0587.1995.tb00129.x},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and F Stuart Chapin III}
}
@article {ARC22140,
	title = {Responses of Arctic tundra to experimental and observed changes in climate},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {76},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {694-711},
	keywords = {biological production},
	doi = {10.2307/1939337 },
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1939337},
	author = {F Stuart Chapin III and Gaius R Shaver and Anne E. Giblin and K. J. Nadelhoffer and J. A. Laundre}
}
@article {ARC22285,
	title = {Measuring nutrient availability in arctic soils using ion-exchange resins: a field test},
	journal = {Soil Science Society of America Journal},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {1154-1162},
	isbn = {0361-5995},
	doi = {10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800040021x},
	author = {Anne E. Giblin and J. A. Laundre and K. J. Nadelhoffer and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22420,
	title = {Vertebrate herbivores and northern plant communities: Reciprocal influences and responses},
	journal = {Oikos},
	volume = {71},
	year = {1994},
	note = {1994 Issn 0030-1299 English Journal Article; Review Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {193-206},
	keywords = {Holarctic Region},
	doi = {10.2307/3546267},
	author = {Robert L. Jefferies and D. R. Klein and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22709,
	title = {Changes in C storage by terrestrial ecosystems: How C-N interactions restrict responses to CO2 and temperature},
	journal = {Water, Air and Soil Pollution},
	volume = {64},
	year = {1992},
	note = {Conference Int. Workshop on Natural Sinks of CO sub(2), Palmas Del Mar (Puerto Rico), 24-27 Feb 1992 1992 Issn 0049-6979 Special issue: Natural sinks of CO sub(2). English Journal Article; Conference Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts},
	pages = {327-344},
	keywords = {P 9000 ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00477109},
	author = {Edward B Rastetter and R. B. McKane and Gaius R Shaver and Jerry M. Melillo}
}
@article {ARC22761,
	title = {Global change and the carbon balance of arctic ecosystems},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1992},
	note = {1992 Issn 0006-3568 English Journal Article; Review Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health \& Safety Science Abstracts},
	pages = {433-441},
	keywords = {H SE3.20 AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY},
	doi = {10.2307/1311862},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and W. D. Billings and F Stuart Chapin III and Anne E. Giblin and K. J. Nadelhoffer and W. C. Oechel and Edward B Rastetter}
}
@article {ARC22713,
	title = {A model of multiple-element limitation for acclimating vegetation},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {73},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {1157-1174},
	keywords = {resource availability},
	doi = {10.2307/1940666},
	author = {Edward B Rastetter and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22286,
	title = {Biogeochemical diversity along a riverside toposequence in Arctic Alaska},
	journal = {Ecological Monographs},
	volume = {61},
	year = {1991},
	note = {1991 Issn 0012-9615 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {415-435},
	keywords = {Alaska biogeochemistry D 04140 Taiga/tundra, USA},
	doi = {10.2307/2937049},
	author = {Anne E. Giblin and K. J. Nadelhoffer and Gaius R Shaver and J. A. Laundre and A. J. McKerrow}
}
@article {ARC22621,
	title = {Effects of temperature and substrate quality on element mineralization in 6 Arctic soils},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {72},
	year = {1991},
	note = {1991 Issn 0012-9658 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial \& Applied Microbiology},
	pages = {242-253},
	keywords = {Alaska, North Slope, USA},
	doi = {10.2307/1938918},
	author = {K. J. Nadelhoffer and Anne E. Giblin and Gaius R Shaver and J. A. Laundre}
}
@article {ARC22712,
	title = {A general biogeochemical model describing the responses of the C and N cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to changes in CO2, climate, and N deposition},
	journal = {Tree Physiology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Conference Workshop on Advancing Toward Closed Models of Forest Ecosystems, (np), (nd) 1991 Issn 0829-318x English Journal Article; Conference Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {101-126},
	keywords = {D 04100 Terrestrial ecosystems - general},
	doi = {10.1093/treephys/9.1-2.101},
	author = {Edward B Rastetter and M. G. Ryan and Gaius R Shaver and Jerry M. Melillo and K. J. Nadelhoffer and John E. Hobbie and J. D. Aber}
}
@article {ARC22767,
	title = {Production: Biomass relationships and element cycling in contrasting arctic vegetation types},
	journal = {Ecological Monographs},
	volume = {61},
	year = {1991},
	note = {1991 Issn 0012-9615 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {1-31},
	keywords = {Alaska, Toolik L. biomass D 04140 Taiga/tundra, USA},
	doi = {10.2307/1942997},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and F Stuart Chapin III}
}
@article {ARC22258,
	title = {Environmental sensitivity of ecotypes as a potential influence on primary productivity},
	journal = {American Naturalist},
	volume = {136},
	year = {1990},
	note = {1990 Issn 0003-0147 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {126-131},
	keywords = {Alaska primary production, USA},
	doi = {10.1086/285085},
	author = {Ned Fetcher and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22130,
	title = {Competition causes regular spacing of alder in Alaskan shrub tundra},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {79},
	year = {1989},
	note = {1989 Issn 0029-8549 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {412-416},
	keywords = {Alaska spatial distribution D 04640 Other angiosperms, USA},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00384322},
	author = {F Stuart Chapin III and James B. McGraw and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22138,
	title = {Differences in growth and nutrient use among arctic plant growth forms},
	journal = {Functional Ecology},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1989},
	note = {1989 Issn 0269-8463 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {73-80},
	keywords = {polar environments growth patterns},
	doi = {10.2307/2389677},
	author = {F Stuart Chapin III and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22137,
	title = {Lack of latitudinal variations in graminoid storage reserves},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {70},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {269-272},
	doi = {10.2307/1938432},
	author = {F Stuart Chapin III and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22136,
	title = {Differences in carbon and nutrient fractions among arctic growth forms},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {77},
	year = {1988},
	note = {1988 Issn 0029-8549 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {506-514},
	keywords = {Alaska carbon, USA},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00377266},
	author = {F Stuart Chapin III and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22766,
	title = {Effect of fertilizer on production and biomass of tussock tundra, Alaska, U.S.A},
	journal = {Arctic and Alpine Research},
	volume = {18},
	year = {1986},
	note = {1986 Issn 0004-0851 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {261-268},
	keywords = {Alaska D 04140 Taiga/tundra, USA},
	doi = {10.2307/1550883},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and F Stuart Chapin III}
}
@article {ARC22141,
	title = {Environmental controls over carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus fractions in Eriophorum vaginatum in Alaskan tussock tundra},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {74},
	year = {1986},
	note = {1986 Issn 0022-0477 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {167-195},
	keywords = {environmental factors},
	doi = {10.2307/2260357},
	author = {F Stuart Chapin III and Gaius R Shaver and R. A. Kedrowski}
}
@article {ARC22769,
	title = {Factors limiting seasonal growth and peak biomass accumulation in Eriophorum vaginatum in Alaskan tussock tundra},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {74},
	year = {1986},
	note = {1986 Issn 0022-0477 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {257-278},
	keywords = {seasonal variations D 04636 Grasses},
	doi = {10.2307/2260362},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and F Stuart Chapin III and B. L. Gartner}
}
@article {ARC22770,
	title = {Growth and flowering in Eriophorum vaginatum: annual and latitudinal variation},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {67},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {1524-1525},
	keywords = {Tundra},
	doi = {10.2307/1939083},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and Ned Fetcher and F Stuart Chapin III}
}
@article {ARC22274,
	title = {Reproduction of Eriophorum vaginatum by seed in Alaskan tussock tundra},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {74},
	year = {1986},
	note = {1986 Issn 0022-0477 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {1-18},
	keywords = {Alaska, USA},
	isbn = {0022-0477},
	doi = {10.2307/2260345},
	author = {B. L. Gartner and F Stuart Chapin III and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22753,
	title = {Woody stem production in Alaskan tundra shrubs},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {67},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {660-669},
	keywords = {D 04140 Taiga/tundra},
	doi = {10.2307/1937690},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22539,
	title = {Estimated Ages of Mature Tussocks of Eriophorum vaginatum along a Latitudinal Gradient in Central Alaska, U.S.A.},
	journal = {Arctic and Alpine Research},
	volume = {17},
	year = {1985},
	note = {1985 Issn 0004-0851 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {1-5},
	doi = {10.2307/1550957},
	author = {A. F. Mark and Ned Fetcher and Gaius R Shaver and F Stuart Chapin III}
}
@article {ARC22135,
	title = {Individualistic growth response of tundra plant species to environmental manipulations in the field},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {66},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {564-576},
	keywords = {community structure D 04140 Taiga/tundra},
	doi = {10.2307/1940405},
	author = {F Stuart Chapin III and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22781,
	title = {A multivariate approach to plant mineral nutrition: Dose-response relationships and nutrient dominance in factorial experiments},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Botany},
	volume = {63},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {2138-2143},
	keywords = {TOL},
	isbn = {1916-2790},
	doi = {10.1139/b85-302},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and M. J. Lechowicz}
}
@article {ARC22273,
	title = {Demographic patterns of seedling establishment and growth of native graminoids in an Alaskan tundra disturbance},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1983},
	note = {1983 Issn 0021-8901 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {965-980},
	keywords = {Gramineae D 04140 Taiga/tundra},
	isbn = {0021-8901},
	doi = {10.2307/2403140},
	author = {B. L. Gartner and F Stuart Chapin III and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22257,
	title = {Life histories of tillers of Eriophorum vaginatum in relation to tundra disturbance},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {71},
	year = {1983},
	note = {1983 Issn 0022-0477 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {131-147},
	doi = {10.2307/2259967},
	author = {Ned Fetcher and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22752,
	title = {Mineral nutrition and leaf longevity in Ledum palustre : The role of individual nutrients and the timing of leaf mortality},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1983},
	note = {1983 Issn 0029-8549 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {160-165},
	keywords = {nutrient levels D 04640 Other angiosperms},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00379686},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22256,
	title = {Growth and tillering patterns within tussocks of Eriophorum vaginatum},
	journal = {Holarctic Ecology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1982},
	note = {Conference Workshop on the Availability and Utilization of Resources in Tundra Ecosystems, San Diego, CA (USA), 9-12 Oct 1978 1982 English Journal Article; Conference Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {180-186},
	keywords = {disturbance effects on D 04140 Taiga/tundra},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0587.1982.tb01034.x},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3682455},
	author = {Ned Fetcher and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22498,
	title = {A multivariate approach to the analysis of factorial fertilization experiments in Alaskan arctic tundra},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {63},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {1029-1038},
	keywords = {plant communities D 04140 Taiga/tundra},
	doi = {10.2307/1937242},
	author = {M. J. Lechowicz and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22147,
	title = {Reproductive effort in cotton grass tussock tundra},
	journal = {Holarctic Ecology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1982},
	note = {Conference Workshop on the Availability and Utilization of Resources in Tundra Ecosystems, San Diego, CA (USA), 9-12 Oct 1978 1982 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {200-206},
	keywords = {energetics},
	isbn = {0105-9327},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0587.1982.tb01037.x},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3682458},
	author = {A. L. Chester and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22552,
	title = {Seedling density and seedling survival in Alaskan cotton grass tussock tundra},
	journal = {Holarctic Ecology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1982},
	note = {Conference Workshop on the Availability and Utilization of Resources in Tundra Ecosystems, San Diego, CA (USA), 9-12 Oct 1978 1982 English Journal Article; Conference Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {212-217},
	keywords = {Empetrum nigrum D 04140 Taiga/tundra},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0587.1982.tb01039.x},
	author = {James B. McGraw and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22148,
	title = {Seedling dynamics of some cotton grass tussock tundra species during the natural revegetation of small disturbed areas},
	journal = {Holarctic Ecology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1982},
	note = {Conference Workshop on the Availability and Utilization of Resources in Tundra Ecosystems, San Diego, CA (USA), 9-12 Oct 1978 1982 English Journal Article; Conference Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {207-211},
	keywords = {survival},
	isbn = {0105-9327},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0587.1982.tb01038.x},
	author = {A. L. Chester and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22133,
	title = {Changes in soil properties and vegetation following disturbance of Alaskan arctic tundra},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {18},
	year = {1981},
	note = {1981 Issn 0021-8901 English Journal Article Ecology Abstracts},
	pages = {605-617},
	keywords = {Alaska, USA},
	doi = {10.2307/2402420},
	author = {F Stuart Chapin III and Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22751,
	title = {Mineral nutrition and leaf longevity in an evergreen shrub, Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {362-365},
	keywords = {TOL},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00347599},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver}
}
@article {ARC22764,
	title = {Response to Fertilization by Various Plant Growth Forms in an Alaskan Tundra: Nutrient Accumulation and Growth},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {61},
	year = {1980},
	pages = {662-675},
	doi = {10.2307/1937432},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and F Stuart Chapin III}
}
@article {ARC22760,
	title = {Root production and root turnover in a wet tundra ecosystem, Barrow, Alaska},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1975},
	note = {Ad010 Times Cited:111 Cited References Count:22},
	pages = {401-409},
	keywords = {Tundra},
	isbn = {0012-9658},
	doi = {10.2307/1934970},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1934970},
	author = {Gaius R Shaver and W. D. Billings}
}
