Williams, Mathew W, Edward B Rastetter, Laura van der Pol, and Gaius R Shaver. 2014. “Arctic Canopy Photosynthetic Efficiency Enhanced Under Diffuse Light, Linked To A Reduction In The Fraction Of The Canopy In Deep Shade”. New Phytologist 202 (4). New Phytologist: 1267-1276. doi:10.1111/nph.12750.

Gratton, Z. 2013. “Interactions Between Canopy Structure And Leaf Trait Distribution In Arctic Shrub Communities”. School Of Geosciences. School Of Geosciences. Edinburgh, UK: University of Edinburgh.

Shaver, Gaius R, Edward B Rastetter, V. Salmon, L. E Street, M. J van de Weg, Adrian V Rocha, M. T Van Wijk, and Mathew W Williams. 2013. “Panarctic Modeling Of Net Ecosystem Exchange Of Co2”. Philosophical Transactions Of Royal Society: Biology 368 (1624). Philosophical Transactions Of Royal Society: Biology: 20120485. doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0485.

Beveridge, Louise. 2013. “Scaling From Leaf To Canopy: To What Extent Does Scale Affect The Photosynthetic Light Response Curve And Resulting Measures Of Photosynthesis?”. School Of Geosciences. School Of Geosciences. Edinburgh, UK: University of Edinburgh.

Street, L. E, Gaius R Shaver, Edward B Rastetter, M. T Van Wijk, B. A Kaye, and Mathew W Williams. 2012. “Incident Radiation And The Allocation Of Nitrogen Within Arctic Plant Canopies: Implications For Predicting Gross Primary Productivity”. Global Change Biology 18 (9). Global Change Biology: 2838-2852. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02754.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02754.x.

Robertson, G. P, Scott L Collins, David R Foster, Nicholas Brokaw, Hugh W Ducklow, Ted L Gragson, Corinna Gries, et al.. 2012. “Long-Term Ecological Research In A Human-Dominated World”. Bioscience 62 (4). Bioscience: 342-353. doi:10.1525/bio.2012.62.4.6.

Rastetter, Edward B, Mathew W Williams, Kevin L Griffin, Bonnie L Kwiatkowski, G. Tomasky, M. J Potosnak, P. C Stoy, et al.. 2010. “Processing Arctic Eddy-Flux Data Using A Simple Carbon-Exchange Model Embedded In The Ensemble Kalman Filter”. Ecological Applications 20 (5). Ecological Applications: 1285-1301. doi:10.1890/09-0876.1. http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/09-0876.1.

Shaver, Gaius R, L. E Street, Edward B Rastetter, M. T Van Wijk, and Mathew W Williams. 2007. “Functional Convergence In Regulation Of Net Co2 Flux In Heterogeneous Tundra Landscapes In Alaska And Sweden”. Journal Of Ecology 95 (4). Journal Of Ecology: 802-817. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01259.x.

Street, L. E, Gaius R Shaver, Mathew W Williams, and M. T Van Wijk. 2007. “What Is The Relationship Between Changes In Canopy Leaf Area And Changes In Photosynthetic Co2 Flux In Arctic Ecosystems?”. Journal Of Ecology 95 (1). Journal Of Ecology: 139-150. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01187.x.

Williams, Mathew W, L. E Street, M. T Van Wijk, and Gaius R Shaver. 2006. “Identifying Differences In Carbon Exchange Among Arctic Ecosystem Types”. Ecosystems 9 (2). Ecosystems: 288-304. doi:10.1007/s10021-005-0146-y.

Van Wijk, M. T, and Mathew W Williams. 2005. “Optical Instruments For Measuring Leaf Area Index In Low Vegetation: Application In Arctic Ecosystems”. Ecological Applications 15. Ecological Applications: 1462-1470. doi:10.1890/03-5354.

Van Wijk, M. T, Mathew W Williams, and Gaius R Shaver. 2005. “Tight Coupling Between Leaf Area Index And Foliage N Content In Arctic Plant Communities”. Oecologia 142 (3). Oecologia: 421-427. doi:10.1007/s00442-004-1733-x.

Van Wijk, M. T, K. E Clemmensen, Gaius R Shaver, Mathew W Williams, Terry V Callaghan, F. S Chapin, III, Johannes HC Cornelissen, et al.. 2004. “Long-Term Ecosystem Level Experiments In Toolik Lake, Alaska, And Abisko, Northern Sweden: Generalizations And Differences In Ecosystem And Plant Type Responses To Global Change”. Global Change Biology 10 (1). Global Change Biology: 105-123. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2003.00719.x.

Van Wijk, M. T, Mathew W Williams, J. A Laundre, and Gaius R Shaver. 2003. “Inter-Annual Variability Of Plant Phenology In Tussock Tundra: Modelling Interactions Of Plant Productivity, Snowmelt, And Soil Thaw”. Global Change Biology 9 (5). Global Change Biology: 743-758. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00625.x.

Van Wijk, M. T, Mathew W Williams, Laura Gough, Sarah E Hobbie, and Gaius R Shaver. 2003. “Luxury Consumption: A Possible Competitive Strategy In Above-Belowground Carbon Allocation For Slow-Growing Vegetation?”. Journal Of Ecology 91 (4). Journal Of Ecology: 664-676. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00788.x.

Engel, V. C, M. Stieglitz, Mathew W Williams, and Kevin L Griffin. 2002. “Forest Canopy Hydraulic Properties And Catchment Water Balance: Observations And Modeling”. Ecological Modelling 154. Ecological Modelling: 263-288. doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00068-6.

Williams, Mathew W, Edward B Rastetter, E. Carpino, John E Hobbie, Gaius R Shaver, and Bonnie L Kwiatkowski. 2001. “Primary Production Of An Arctic Watershed: An Uncertainty Analysis”. Ecological Applications 11 (6). Ecological Applications: 1800-1816. doi:10.1890/1051-0761%282001%29011%5B1800%3APPOAAW%5D2.0.CO%3B2.

Williams, Mathew W, W. Eugster, Edward B Rastetter, J. P McFadden, and F. S Chapin, III. 2000. “The Controls On Net Ecosystem Productivity Along An Arctic Transect: A Model Comparison With Flux Measurements”. Global Change Biology 6 (S1). Global Change Biology: 116-126. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06016.x.

Stieglitz, M., Anne E Giblin, John E Hobbie, Mathew W Williams, and George W Kling. 2000. “Simulating The Effects Of Climate Change And Climate Variability On Carbon Dynamics In Arctic Tundra”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 14 (4). Global Biogeochemical Cycles: 1123-1136. doi:10.1029/1999GB001214.

Rastetter, Edward B, Laura Gough, A. E Hartley, D. A Herbert, K. J Nadelhoffer, and Mathew W Williams. 1999. “A Revised Assessment Of Species Redundancy And Ecosystem Reliability”. Conservation Biology 13 (2). Conservation Biology: 440-443. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.013002440.x.

Williams, Mathew W, and Edward B Rastetter. 1999. “Vegetation Characteristics And Primary Productivity Along An Arctic Transect: Implications For Scaling-Up”. Journal Of Ecology 87 (5). Journal Of Ecology: 885-898. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00404.x.

Williams, Mathew W, Edward B Rastetter, D. N Fernandes, M. L Goulden, Gaius R Shaver, and L. C Johnson. 1997. “Predicting Gross Primary Productivity In Terrestrial Ecosystems”. Ecological Applications 7 (3). Ecological Applications: 882-894. doi:10.1890/1051-0761%281997%29007%5B0882%3APGPPIT%5D2.0.CO%3B2.

Williams, Mathew W, Edward B Rastetter, D. W Fernandes, M. L Goulden, S. C Wofsy, Gaius R Shaver, Jerry M Melillo, J. W Munger, S. M Fan, and K. J Nadelhoffer. 1996. “Modelling The Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum In A Quercus-Acer Stand At Harvard Forest: The Regulation Of Stomatal Conductance By Light, Nitrogen, And Soil/plant Hydraulic Properties”. Plant, Cell And Environment 19 (8). Plant, Cell And Environment: 911-927. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00456.x.